Physiology Paper-2 (Main), 2021 MBBS Batch ABVMU Lucknow

ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
MBBS 1st PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION - JAN-2023
SUBJECT: PHYSIOLOGY - PAPER - II
TIME: 3 Hrs
Max. Marks: 100

Note: Attempt all questions. Answer Part - I and Part - II in separate answer books. All parts of a question should be answered together.

PART - I

PAPER CODE: 2312130002

Q.1 Long Answer Question (6 + 5 + 4 = 15 Marks)

A 38 yr old boxer sustained a jab on his lower jaw during a boxing championship fight. He managed to continue the fight as the pain was not felt that severe. Later on, upon medical examination and investigations, it came out to be a fracture of the lower jaw requiring surgical intervention. In the view of the above clinical scenario, answer the following questions:

a. How the pain travels from periphery to the central nervous system? Elaborate with a labelled diagram.
b. Why the boxer didn’t feel the severity of the pain during the fight? Explain in brief in context to the endogenous pain inhibitory system.
c. What is referred pain? Explain with an example.

Q.2 Short Notes Questions (within 500 words)
(3 x 5 = 15 Marks)

a) Physiological changes in pregnancy.
b) Hypothyroidism in adults.
c) Countercurrent exchanger.

Q.3 Short Answer Questions (within 100 words)
(5 x 2 = 10 Marks)

a) Neuropraxia.
b) Action of Insulin on fat metabolism.
c) Indicators of ovulation.
d) Inulin clearance test.
e) Differentiate between pituitary dwarf and thyroid dwarf.

Q.4 Multiple Choice Questions (10 x 1 = 10 Marks)

• 1. The type of estrogen found in highest concentration in adult female during reproductive age group is:
  a) Pregnenolone
  b) Estradiol
  c) Estrone
  d) Estrol

• 2. Some cells secrete chemicals into the extracellular fluid that acts on neighboring cells of a different type. This type of regulation is known as:
  a) Endocrine
  b) Neuroendocrine
  c) Autocrine
  d) Paracrine

• 3. Fertilization normally takes place in which part of the fallopian tube:
  a) Infundibulum
  b) Fimbrial end
  c) Isthmus
  d) Ampulla

• 4. Somatostatin profoundly inhibits the secretion of all of the following except:
  a) Cortisol
  b) Insulin
  c) Glucagon
  d) Growth hormone

• 5. Potassium is maximally absorbed in which part of nephron:
  a) Proximal convoluted tubules
  b) Distal convoluted tubules
  c) Collecting ducts
  d) Loop of Henle

• 6. In the absence of ADH:
  a) Obligatory water absorption is increased
  b) Obligatory water absorption is decreased
  c) Facultative water absorption is deficient
  d) There would not be any water absorption in renal tubules

• 7. Testosterone production is mainly controlled by:
  a) Epididymis
  b) Sertoli cells
  c) Leydig cells
  d) Seminiferous tubules

• 8. Growth hormone level is decreased in:
  a) Hypoglycemia
  b) REM sleep
  c) Exercise
  d) Fasting

• 9. Relaxation of mesangial cell is brought about by:
  a) Angiotensin II
  b) cAMP
  c) Antidiuretic hormone
  d) Endothelin

• 10. Insulin mediated glucose uptake occurs through:
  a) GLUT1
  b) GLUT2
  c) GLUT3
  d) GLUT4

PART - II PAPER CODE: 2312230002

Q.1 Long Answer Question (5 + 6 + 4 = 15 Marks)

a) Draw a well-labeled diagram of the visual pathway.
b) Describe the effects of lesions at different sites in the optic pathway on the field of vision.
c) Add a note on homonymous hemianopia.

Q.2 Short Notes Questions (within 500 words)
(3 x 5 = 15 Marks)

a) Composition and functions of cerebrospinal fluid.
b) Micturition reflex.
c) Mechanism of temperature regulation.

Q.3 Short Answer Questions (within 100 words)
(5 x 2 = 10 Marks)

a) Biological clock.
b) Functions of the middle ear.
c) Safe period.
d) Anion gap.
e) Accommodation reflex.

Q.4 Multiple Choice Questions (10 x 1 = 10 Marks)

1. Glutamate neurotransmitter is synthesized by which part of the basal ganglia:
   a) Globus pallidus interna
   b) Globus pallidus externa
   c) Subthalamic nucleus
   d) Putamen

2. Golgi tendon organ provides the central nervous system information about:
   a) Velocity of shortening of the muscle
   b) Moment-to-moment length of the muscle
   c) Tension developed in the muscle
   d) Change in the joint angle produced by the muscle

3. Most of the refraction in the eye occurs at:
   a) Anterior surface of the cornea
   b) Posterior surface of the cornea
   c) Anterior surface of the lens
   d) Posterior surface of the lens

4. Average Endolymphatic potential is:
   a) -60 mV
   b) -90 mV
   c) +40 mV
   d) +80 mV

5. Which of the following is true about Brown Sequard syndrome:
   a) Ipsilateral loss of joint senses
   b) Contralateral loss of joint sensation
   c) Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sense
   d) Contralateral loss of vibration sense

6. Romberg sign is seen in:
   a) Pyramidal tract lesion
   b) Parkinsonism
   c) Cerebellar ataxia
   d) Sensory ataxia

7. K-Complex and Sleep spindles are seen in which stage of sleep:
   a) Stage 1 NREM Sleep
   b) Stage 2 NREM Sleep
   c) Stage 3 NREM Sleep
   d) REM Sleep

8. Lower motor neuron lesion is characterized by all except:
   a) Deep reflexes are absent
   b) Muscle atrophy is seen
   c) Spastic paralysis is seen
   d) Individual muscles are affected

9. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by which part of the hypothalamus:
   a) Supraoptic nucleus
   b) Paraventricular nucleus
   c) Preoptic nucleus
   d) Ventromedial nucleus

10. The macula densa in kidney is located in relation to:

    a) PCT

    b) DCT

    c) Afferent arterioles

    d) Efferent arterioles

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